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MCQs 1: In Hagerman’s account where did the public sphere as an arena of public debate first develop?in____________?

salons newspapers universities television
Answer Explanation

MCQs 2: According to Manuel Castells which is the defining organizational structure of our age ?

bureaucracy networks hierarchy conglomerates
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MCQs 3: A decline in which of the following does Putnam link to the spread of television ?

rational through social capital cultural capital political awareness
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MCQs 4: The sequence of Rostow’s stages of economic growth are_____________?

traditional take-off drive to maturity high mass consumption traditional drive to maturity high mass consumption take-off traditional state intervention high mass consumption take-off traditional dependency modernization take-off
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MCQs 5: In the process of social change new traits appear through_____________?

discovery invention diffusion All of the above
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MCQs 6: Ayub Government brought ____ in 1950s and 60s which changed agricultural infrastructure to greater extent ?

agricultural reforms Green Revolution Both a and b None of these
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MCQs 7: Some of hallmarks of socio-economic change in Pakistan can be enlisted as such_____________?

Migration after Independence Green Revolution Urbanization and Islamization of Zia ere All of the above
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MCQs 8: The concept of collective consumption is most closely associated with______________?

Harvey Moloch Castells Saunders
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MCQs 9: Which term does John Thompson use to describe the sort of social relations created by the mass media ?

face-to-face interaction mediated interaction mediated quasi interaction mediated multiple -interaction
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MCQs 10: Among which occupational group are infant mortality rates the lowest____________?

professional managerial and technical skilled non-manual skilled manual
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MCQs 11: A highly conformist culture is less prone to_______________?

Change Cultural diffusion both a and b None of these
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MCQs 12: The Green revolution resulted in 1970s in the establishment of____________?

Light engineering industry Heavy industry Medium None of these
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MCQs 13: With the exit of the Hindus and Sikhs Pakistan became a_____________?

Uni-religious state Multi-ethnic state Multi-lingual state None of these
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MCQs 14: Social and economic change in Pakistan has been so enormous that it can be termed as Revolutionary The process of change began with_____________?

Green Revolution Migration after Independence Both a and b None of these
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MCQs 15: The decentralized city can be identified by______________?

the shift of employment and services away from the inner city towards multiple centers in smaller towns and rural areas the degendering of public space as women use local facilities more gentrification the movement of middle-class people back into the inner city all of the above
Answer Explanation

MCQs 16: Supporters of sustainable development are arguing for________________?

more resources to be directed towards economic growth more resources to be put into Third World development growth that minimizes resource depletion and pollution fewer resources to be directed towards economic growth
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MCQs 17: According to Sassan which of these is NOT a necessary trait of a global city ?

they are centers of direction and policy-making for the global economy they are visited by large numbers of tourists from across the world they are the key locations for financial and specialized service firms they are markets for the exchange of the products of financial service
Answer Explanation

MCQs 18: Who described urbanism as a way of life ?

Park Hawley Wirth Burgess
Answer Explanation

MCQs 19: The decentralized city can be identified by____________?

the shift of employment and services away from the inner city towards multiple centers in smaller towns and rural areas the degendering of public space as women use local facilities more gentrification the movement of middle-class people back into the inner city all of the above
Answer Explanation

MCQs 20: Urbanization in preindustrial cities was restricted by___________?

reliance on animal power as a source of energy the high levels of surplus produced by the agricultural sector the ease of migration to the city all of the above
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MCQs 21: The current level of urbanization 32% in Pakistan is in SAARC Countries ?

Lowest Normal Highest None of these
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MCQs 22: In past Pakistanis population had relatively ________ growth rate?

Low Medium High None of these
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MCQs 23: North America and Europe have less than 12% of the world’s population but their share of the worlds private consumption is approximately ?

30% 40% 50% 60%
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MCQs 24: Urban recycling is shorthand for______________?

encouraging existing residents to move out of an area introducing local environmental strategies to an area the refurbishment or replacement of old buildings and land providing incentives for urban dwellers to use public transport
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MCQs 25: According to Castells Which of the following is a world city ?

Frankfurt Madrid Buenos Aires Moscow
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MCQs 26: Cultural restructuring has involved ?

regenerating cities in economic decline turning industrial landscapes into tourist attractions selling sites and images through the symbolic economy of media advertising all of the above
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MCQs 27: The trend toward urbanization is most advanced in ?

America England Japan None of these
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MCQs 28: In comparison with industrial cities preindustrial cities had ?

relatively open class systems extensive social mobility a much more rigid division of labor by gender all of the above
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MCQs 29: Urbanization Causes many Social problems as___________?

Inflation Poverty Unemployment All of the above
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MCQs 30: Urbanization is a ______ process ?

Straight lined Cyclical Social None of these
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MCQs 31: Pakistan with a population of 160 million stands as the _______ largest population country?

Fifth Sixth Seventh None of these
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MCQs 32: The systematic widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants are called ?

deindustrialization downsizing post industrialization “banana time”
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MCQs 33: There are three basic sources of power within any political system ?

force influence and authority force influence and democracy force legitimacy and charisma influence charisma and bureaucracy
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MCQs 34: Which sociological perspective points out that while pure monopolies are not a basic element of the economy of the United States competition is much more restricted than one might expect in what is called a free enterprise system ?

functionalist perspective conflict perspective interactionist perspective labeling theory
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MCQs 35: The principle of laissez-faire was expounded and endorsed by the British economist ?

John Maynard Keynes Adam Smith Paul Samuelson Arthur Scargill
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MCQs 36: Which of these key early figures in sociology had an interest in issues of labor and the economy ?

Karl Marx Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim Karl Marx and Max Weber All three of them
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MCQs 37: Which statement below most accurately describes the global unemployment rate ?

the unemployment rate has decreased significantly since the 1970s the unemployment rate remains historically low the unemployment rate remains historically high the unemployment rate in not known
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MCQs 38: In the developed countries more people are employed in the service sector than manufacturing with a tiny percentage working in agriculture Globally which sector now employs the fewest people ?

services industrial manufacture agriculture none of the above
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MCQs 39: What is the concept used by Karl Marx to explain workers loss of control over their labor power in capitalist societies ?

anomie pauperization de-skilling alienation
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MCQs 40: By the year 2020 it is projected that less than 2 percent of the entire global labor force will be engaged in ?

farming service jobs factory work high-tech jobs
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MCQs 41: While predictions are not always reliable sociologists and labor specialists foresee a workforce increasingly composed of ?

women racial minorities ethnic minorities all of the above
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MCQs 42: Which of the following can be classified as a charismatic leader ?

Joan of Arc Malcolm X Adolf Hitler all of the above
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MCQs 43: Socialist theory was defined in the writings of Karl Marx and ?

Emile Durkheim Adam Smith Friedrich Engels the Marx Brothers
Answer Explanation

MCQs 44: Which one of these statements is NOT a definition of the knowledge economy ?

much of the workforce in now involved in physical production of goods the economy is dominated by the constant flow of information and opinions this is a phase of development beyond industrialism investment in public education and software development is more significant
Answer Explanation

MCQs 45: Which of these types of industrial conflict is the odd one out ?

sabotage strike overtime ban work to rule (working only ones contracted hours noting more or less)
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MCQs 46: The term informal economy is used to describe ?

work where no money changes hands the activities of small businesses transactions outside the sphere of regular employment organizations with less rigid rules and procedures
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MCQs 47: There are some important gender inequalities in paid employment and the chapter identifies three of these Which one of the following is not one of the three ?

the division of household labor occupational segregation the wage gap in favor of men women’s concentration in part-time jobs
Answer Explanation

MCQs 48: How do industrial sociologists characterize Fordism and Taylorism ?

high risk systems high trust systems low trust systems low risk systems
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MCQs 49: Which of the following is not a term for work that takes place outside the formal paid employment sector ?

the casual economy the parallel economy the black economy the informal economy
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MCQs 50: The president of the United States need not be a good typist a surgeon need not be able to fill a cavity This is because of the bureaucratic characteristic of___________?

division of labor impersonality employment based on technical qualifications written rules and regulations
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MCQs 51: In larger groups each person has ?

less time to speak more points of view to absorb a more elaborate structure within which to function all of the above
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MCQs 52: The purpose of a reference group is to serve a(n) ?

normative function by enforcing standards of conduct and belief comparison function by serving as a standard against which people can measure themselves and other elimination function by dissolving groups that no longer have a social purpose both a and b
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MCQs 53: __________ groups often emerge in the workplace among those who share special understandings about their occupation ?

primary secondary out-groups formal organizations
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MCQs 54: Which of these is not a feature of an ideal type bureaucracy according to Weber ?

a clear-cut hierarchy of authority co-ownership among all workers of the material resource with which they operate fixed salaries associated with each role written rules governing conduct
Answer Explanation

MCQs 55: Which of these is a feature of the Japanese style of management arrangements ?

merging of work and private lives job security group-oriented production all of the above
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MCQs 56: The iron law of oligarchy refers to_____________?

regimes that use repression against their population the exclusion of women from the highest levels of politics the tendency for power inevitably to flow towards top the legal system of the former communist countries
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MCQs 57: Who is most closely associated with the view that the equal and impartial treatment of each case is a strength of bureaucracies ?

Michel Foucault Paul Gay Zygmunt Bauman Robert Michels
Answer Explanation

MCQs 58: Which one of these would not be regarded as a dysfunction of bureaucracy according to Merton ?

the rules could be upheld at all cost even in the face of a better solution people know they should be guaranteed fair and consistent treatment adherence to the rules takes precedence over organizational goals workers are not encouraged to be flexible in making decisions
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MCQs 59: De Gournay coined the phrase an illness of bureau mania to describe ?

the chaos of informal organizations the compulsion to work in offices the developing power of officials politicians abuse of power and influence
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MCQs 60: Paul du Gay’s (2000) In Praise of Bureaucracy makes two important points in defense of bureaucratic forms of organization Which two points are they? A bureaucratic ethos ?

is compatible with private sector values and includes impartial and equal treatment for all ensures administrative responsibility for the public interest and includes impartial and equal treatment for all ensures that politicians goals can be met even against opposition and ensures administrative responsibility for the public interest is compatible with private sector values and ensures that politicians goals can be met even against opposition
Answer Explanation

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